The African National Congress and South Africa’s Public Service: A Crisis of Dominance and Accountability

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31384/jisrmsse/2023.21.3.4

Keywords:

coalitions, corruption, dominance, government, public service

Abstract

This article explores the impact of African National Congress-led government’s dominance on South Africa’s public service. On one
hand, the African National Congress since the 1994 democratic elections had many achievements in advancing South Africa’s democracy and responding to the citizens’ needs through countless development and policy initiatives that were designed to cater to the basic needs of the citizens. On the other hand, it has become less responsive to citizen needs and this is evident as citizens have taken to the streets to protest for service provisions throughout the country. Citizens’ discontent can be seen in the rapid decline of the African National Congress’ political dominance and the formation of political coalitions. South African public service delivery has been marked by a lack of public accountability, corruption, cadre deployment, state capture, and procurement system manipulation as a result of the African National Congress’s dominance since the country’s first democratic elections. It is important to note that most South African citizens depend on the public sector and the African National Congress’s dominance in the public sector has damaged its ability to be responsive to citizens’ needs. This article relied on secondary sources, by reviewing current literature on the ramifications of having one political party dominating the country’s political space for decades.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alexander, P. (2010). Rebellion of the poor: South Africa’s service delivery protests – a preliminary analysis. Review of African Political Economy, 37(123), 25–40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03056241003637870

Battera, F. (2020). Africa 2019: An Overview on Three Key Elections.

Bhorat, H., Buthelezi, M., Chipkin, I., Duma, S., Mondi, L., Peter, C., Qobo, M., Swilling, M., Friedenstein, H., & State Capacity Research Project. (2017, May). Betrayal of the promise: how South Africa is being stolen. Retrieved from https://pari.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Betrayal-of-the-Promise-25052017.pdf 23/05/2017 State Capture Report.indd (pari.org.za).

Breakfast, N., Bradshaw, G., & Nomarwayi, T. (2019). Violent service delivery protests in post-apartheid South Africa, 1994-2017-a conflict resolution perspective. African Journal of Public Affairs, 11(1), 106–126.

Carlin, R. E., Love, G. J., & Young, D. J. (2019). Political Competition, Partisanship, and Interpersonal Trust Under Party Dominance: Evidence from Post-Apartheid South Africa. Journal of Experimental Political Science, 7(2), 101–111. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/XPS.2019.17

Christianson, D. (2022). DAVID CHRISTIANSON: Why coalition governments remain the future of SA. Retrieved from https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2022-02-03-david-christianson-why-coalition-governments-remain-the-future-of-sa/ BusinessLIVE.

Cilliers, J. (2022). The country could be on the cusp of major political change - but the ANC is likely to remain dominant. Retrieved from https://issafrica.org/iss-today/south-africas-future-is-tied-to-anc-leadership-and-election-battles

Cook, N. (2020). South Africa: Current issues, economy, and US relations. Retrieved from https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/20190412_R45687_31af3521be41d13d5c97fe49dc20ff4418015ef6.pdf

Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs. (2021, February 2). A Framework for Coalitions in Local Government. Retrieved from https://www.cogta.gov.za/index.php/2021/11/22/a-framework-for-coalitions-in-local-government/

Dassah, M. O. (2018). Theoretical analysis of state capture and its manifestation as a governance problem in South Africa. The Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa, 14(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/td.v14i1.473

Dawson, S., Charron, N., & Justesen, M. K. (2023). Electoral competition, political parties and clientelism: evidence from local elections in South Africa. Democratization, 30(3),479–500. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2022.2155143

De Jager, N., Steenekamp, C., & L, C. (2015). The changing political culture of the African National Congress. Democratization, 23(5), 919–939. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2015.1041382

De Klerk, R., & Solomon, H. (2019). The Institutionalisation of endemic corruption: State capture in South Africa. New Contree, 82, 24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/nc.v82i0.58

Engel, U. (2021). State Capture in South Africa. Comparativ, 31(2), 267–274.

Fredericks, J., & Jager, N. (2021). An Analysis of the Historical Roots of Partisan Governance within the ANC: Understanding the Road to State Capture. Politikon, 49(1), 21–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2021.2018119

Giliomee, H., Myburgh, J., & Schlemmer, L. (2001). Dominant Party Rule, Opposition Parties and Minorities in South Africa. Democratization, 8(1), 161–182. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/714000181

Gumede, W. (2015). Marikana: a crisis of legitimacy in the institutions that form the foundations of South Africa’s 1994 post-apartheid political settlement. Social Dynamics, 41(2), 327–343. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02533952.2015.1072654

Ijeoma, E. O. C., & Sambumbu, A. M. (2013). A framework for improving public accountability in South Africa. Journal of Public Administration, 48(2), 282–298.

Isaacs, J. D. (2016). The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Performance Management: A South African Local Government Case Study. Cape Town: Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/188222343.pdf

Jankielsohn, R., & Mollentze, S. (2021). The National Democratic Revolution as an ideological instrument for transformation in South Africa. Eximia, 1(1), 1–18. Retrieved from https://eximiajournal.com/index.php/eximia/article/view/22

Jävervall, S. (2021). Corruption, Distortions and Development. Retrieved from https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1547721&dswid=7316 DIVA.

Kgarose, M. F., & Mashilo, M. T. (2023). Deterioration of ANC Support: Conceptual Analysis of Rural-Urban Voters Patterns in South African Elections. International Journal of Social Science Research and Review, 6(8), 207–219.

Kgatle, M. S. (2017). A practical theological approach to the challenge of poverty in post-1994 South Africa: Apostolic Faith Mission as a case study. HTS Teologiese Studies /Theological Studies(3), 73–3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v73i3.4549

Khambule, I. (2021). Capturing South Africa’s developmental state: State-society relations and responses to state capture. Public Administration and Development, 41(4), 169–179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1912

Khambule, I., Nomdo, A., Siswana, B., & Fokou, G. (2019). Coexistence as a Strategy for Opposition Parties in Challenging the African National Congress’ One-Party Dominance. Politikon, 46(4), 427–442. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2019.1682784

Khan, M. A., & Chowdhury, N. (2007). Public Accountability, Corruption Control and Service Delivery: Governance Challenges and Options. Asia Pacific Journal for Public Administration, 30(1), 1–10.

Koelble, T. A. (2022). Poverty, corruption and democracy: the role of ‘political society’ in post-colonial South Africa. Globalizations, 19(7), 1137–1149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2022.2035054

Kroukamp, H. (2017). Sustainable governance: the solution to the South African local government service delivery problems? Journal for New Generation Sciences, 15(2), 33–47. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-f099982ec

Kroukamp, H., & Cloete, F. (2018). Improving professionalism in South African local government. Acta Academica, 50(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.18820/24150479/aa50i1.4

Lotshwao, K. (2009). The Lack of Internal Party Democracy in the African National Congress: A Threat to the Consolidation of Democracy in South Africa*. Journal of Southern African Studies, 35(4), 901–914. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070903313244

Mancebo, A. (2020). Stability and Governability the Benign Effects of Party Dominance in South Africa. Insight on Africa, 13(1), 56–75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0975087820965172

Maseko, B. N. (2021). South Africa municipal elections: Who are the winners and losers? Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-59166081 BBC News.

Masenya, M. J. (2017). Neo-patrimonialism, corruption and governance in South Africa. African Journal of Public Affairs, 9(9), 146–156.

Masiya, T., Davids, Y. D., & Mangai, M. S. (2019). Assessing service delivery: Public perception of municipal service delivery in South Africa. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, 14(2), 20–40. Retrieved from https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=764379

Mlambo, D. N. (2019). Governance and service delivery in the public sector : the case of South Africa under Jacob Zuma (2009–2018). African Renaissance, 16(3), 203–220. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31920/2516-5305/2019/V16n3a11

Mlambo, V. H., & Masuku, M. M. (2020). Governance, corruption and COVID-19: the final nail in the coffin for South Africa’s dwindling public finances. Journal of Public Administration, 55(3-1), 549–565.

Müller, M. (2021). South Africa’s social and political challenges: Covid exacerbates socioeconomic inequalities amid ANC infighting. SWP Comment.

Napier, C. J. (2018). Political oversight committees and the separation of powers in the local sphere of government: the case of the City of Tshwane. Journal of Public Administration, 53(2), 169–185.

National Treasury. (2019). National treasury budget review 2019. Retrieved from https:// www.treasury.gov.za/documents/national%20budget/2019/review/fullbr.pdf

Nzo, T. (2016). Provincial-regional ANC politics in the Northern Cape: corruption or everyday informal practices? Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance, 96–118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5130/cjlg.v0i19.5490

Piper, L., & Charman, A. (2018). Tenderpreneur (also tenderpreneurship and tender-preneurism). UCL Press. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10566/5835

Qobo, M. (2019). Party and state in South Africa. Retrieved from https://africaportal.org/publication/party-and-state-south-africa/

Schulz-Herzenberg, C., & Mattes, R. B. (2023). It takes two to toyi-toyi: one party dominance and opposition party failure in South Africa’s 2019 national election. Democratization, 30(7), 1313–1334. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2023.2228710 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2023.2228710

Shava, E., & Chamisa, S. F. (2018). Cadre Deployment Policy and its Effects on Performance Management in South African Local Government: A Critical Review. Politeia, 37(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25159/0256-8845/3849

Southall, R. (2005). The “Dominant Party Debate” in South Africa. Africa Spectrum, 40(1), 61–82. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40175055

Southall, R. (2014). From liberation movement to party machine? The ANC in South Africa. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 32(3), 331–348. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2014.956500

The Editorial Board. (2020, December). South Africa is slowly edging towards a post-ANC future. Retrieved from https://www.ft.com/content/a0c28727-257d-4ded-a206-80fdb7366137

Tickle, D. (2018). Country note: Irregular and Wasteful Expenditure, Tax, and Fiscal Citizenship in South Africa. Intertax, 46(3), 252–260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54648/TAXI2018026

Verhoef, G. (2020). ‘Settlers and comrades’. The variety of capitalism in South Africa. Business History, 63(8), 1413–1446. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2020.1796972

Zimbalist, Z. (2021). How electoral competition shapes local public goods provision in South Africa. Democratization, 29(2), 253–275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2021.1952991

Published

2023-09-30

How to Cite

Thusi, X., & Mashamaite, K. (2023). The African National Congress and South Africa’s Public Service: A Crisis of Dominance and Accountability. JISR Management and Social Sciences & Economics, 21(3), 73–91. https://doi.org/10.31384/jisrmsse/2023.21.3.4

Most read articles by the same author(s)