The mediating role of Emotional Exhaustion between Workplace Bullying and Employee Voice in the Banking Sector
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31384/jisrmsse/2023.21.3.3Keywords:
workplace bullying, employee voice, emotional exhaustion, banking sector employeesAbstract
Drawing on the Conservation of resources theory, this study tried to establish an empirical relationship between workplace bullying and employee voice with the mediation of Employee emotional exhaustion. This study is quantitative in nature and data was collected from 157 employees from the banking sector of Pakistan. The analysis was done using SPSS-24 and Smart-PLS4 software. The purpose of the study is to stimulate the bullied victims to speak up against this negative act to eradicate it. The study’s findings suggest that a significant relationship exists between workplace bullying and employee voice. The negative act of bullying motivates the victims to speak up against it. The relationship between workplace bullying and emotional exhaustion was also significant. Moreover; the intervening effect of emotional exhaustion motivates victims of bullying to speak up and it shows Partial-mediation. It is recommended that organizations must make a “Zero-tolerance” policy against workplace bullying and relevant measures should be taken. The COR theory holds that people work to get, preserve, and safeguard important resources, which might include not only material possessions but also psychological and social resources. Moreover, limitations and future areas of research have also been discussed.
Downloads
References
Abdulgalimov, D., Kirkham, R., Nicholson, J., Vlachokyriakos, V., Briggs, P., Olivier, P., & In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’20). (2020). Designing for Employee Voice. (pp. 1–13). New York, NY, USA. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376284
Ali, S. F., & Butt, M. (2021). Bullying at Workplace affecting Motivation and Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Branch Banking Staff in Major Cities of Pakistan. Business Innovation and Entrepreneurship Journal, 3(02), 90–97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35899/biej.v3i02.208
Anasori, E., Bayighomog, S. W., & Tanova, C. (2020). Workplace bullying, psychological distress, resilience, mindfulness, and emotional exhaustion. Service Industries Journal, 40(1-2), 65–89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2019.1589456
Arshad, M., Malik, M. A. R., & Hussain, S. A. (2023). Silent victims: Negative effects of observing workplace deviance on employees’ emotional exhaustion and workplace thriving. Australian Journal of Management, 0(0), 1–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/03128962231171653
Aslam, M. Z., Fateh, A., Omar, S., & Nazri, M. (2022). The role of initiative climate as a resource caravan passageway in developing proactive service performance. Asia- Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 14(4), 691–705. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-09-2021-0454
Baixauli, E., Beleña, A., & Díaz, A. (2020). Evaluation of the effects of a bullying at work intervention for middle managers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(20), 1–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207566
Cooper, B., Eva, N., Fazlelahi, F. Z., Newman, A., Lee, A., Obschonka, M., & Journal of Vocational Behavior. (2020). Addressing common method variance and endogeneity in vocational behavior research: A review of the literature and suggestions for future research., 121, 103472. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103472
Einarsen, Staale, Hoel, H., & Notelaers, G. (2009). Measuring exposure to bullying and harassment at work: Validity, factor structure and psychometric properties of the negative acts questionnaire-revised. Work and Stress, 23(1), 24–44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370902815673
Einarsen, S., & Nielsen, M. B. (2015). Workplace bullying as an antecedent of mental health problems: a five-year prospective and representative study. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 88(2), 131–142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-014-0944-7
Finstad, G. L., Ariza-Montes, A., Giorgi, G., Lecca, L. I., Arcangeli, G., & Mucci, N. (2019). The JDCS model and blue-collar bullying: decent working conditions for a healthy environment. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183411
Gupta, P., Gupta, U., & Wadhwa, S. (2020). Known and Unknown Aspects of Workplace Bullying: A Systematic Review of Recent Literature and Future Research Agenda. Human Resource Development Review, 19(3), 263–308. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484320936812
Hassan, M., & Jagirani, T. S. (2019). Employee turnover in public sector banks of Pakistan. Market Forces, 4(1).
Hobfoll, S. E., Halbesleben, J., Neveu, J.-P., & Westman, M. (2018). Dynamic self-regulation and multiple-goal pursuit dynamic system: A system in which the elements change over time. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5, 103–128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104640
Holland, P. (2018). Workplace Bullying and the Role of Voice and Ethical Leadership. Springer Link. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2820-6_7
Iftikhar, M., Qureshi, M. I., Qayyum, S., Fatima, I., Sriyanto, S., Indrianti, Y., Khan, A., & Dana, L. P. (2021). Impact of multifaceted workplace bullying on the relationships between technology usage, organisational climate and employee physical and emotional health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 1–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063207
Kabir, S. M. S. (2016). Methods of Data Collection. (pp. 201–275).
Kang, H. (2021). Sample size determination and power analysis using the G* Power software. Journal of educational evaluation for health professions, 18(17). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2021.18.17
Khan, N. A., Hui, Z., Khan, A. N., & Soomro, M. A. (2021). Impact of women authentic leadership on their own mental wellbeing through ego depletion: moderating role of leader’s sense of belongingness. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-02-2021-0143
Kim, J. H. (2019). Statistical Results. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology, 72(6), 558–569. Retrieved from https://stat.duke.edu/~kfl5/Lock_RREE_Results_2010.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.4097/kja.19087
Kock, F., Berbekova, A., & Assaf, A. G. (2021). Understanding and managing the threat of common method bias: Detection, prevention and control. Tourism Management, 86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104330
Larik, A., & Aziz, A. (2021). Workplace Bullying and Employee Turnover: Mediating and Moderating Role in Banking Sector. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt …,18(8), 567–576. Retrieved from https://www.archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/view/8679%0Ahttps://www.archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/download/8679/8090
Liang, H. L. (2021). Does Workplace Bullying Produce Employee Voice and Physical Health Issues? Testing the Mediating Role of Emotional Exhaustion. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.610944
Lukman, A. F., Kibria, B. M. G., Nziku, C. K., Amin, M., Adewuyi, E. T., Farghali, R., & Estimator, K. L. (2023). Dealing with Multicollinearity in the Logistic Regression Model. Mathematics, 11(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/math11020340
Malik, M., Shaukat, & Sattar, S. (2022). Unfolding the ramifications of workplace bullying: An empirical justification of conservation of resource theory in telecommunication sector of Pakistan. Cogent Business and Management, 9(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2038343
Malik, M. S., Sattar, S., Younas, S., & Nawaz, M. K. (2019). The workplace deviance perspective of employee responses to workplace bullying: The moderating effect of Toxic Leadership and mediating effect of emotional exhaustion. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 8(1), 33–50.
Maynes, T. D., & Podsakoff, P. M. (2014). Speaking more broadly: an examination of the nature, antecedents, and consequences of an expanded set of employee voice behaviors. Journal of applied psychology, 99(1), 87–87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034284
Mellinger, C. D., & Hanson, T. A. (2021). Methodological considerations for survey research: Validity, reliability, and quantitative analysis. Linguistica Antverpiensia, New Series – Themes in Translation Studies, 19, 172–190. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52034/lanstts.v19i0.549
Memon, M. A., Thurasamy, R., Cheah, J.-H., Ting, H., Chuah, F., & Cham, T. H. (2023). Addressing Common Method Bias, Operationalization, Sampling, and Data CollectionIssues in Quantitative Research: Review and Recommendations. Journal of Applied Structural Equation Modeling, 7(2), 1–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47263/JASEM.7(2)01
Meriläinen, M., Kõiv, K., & Honkanen, A. (2019). Bullying effects on performance and engagement among academics. Employee Relations, 41(6), 1205–1223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-11-2017-0264
Morrison, E. W. (2014). Employee Voice and Silence. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 173–197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091328
Naseer, S., & Raja, U. (2021). Why does workplace bullying affect victims’ job strain? Perceived organization support and emotional dissonance as resource depletion mechanisms. Current Psychology, 40(9), 4311–4323. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00375-x
Nauman, S., Malik, S. Z., & Jalil, F. (2019). How workplace bullying jeopardizes employees’ life satisfaction: The roles of job anxiety and insomnia. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02292
Rosander, M., Salin, D., Vita, L., & Blomberg, S. (2020). Gender matters: workplace bullying, gender, and mental health. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.560178
Shrestha, N. (2020). Detecting Multicollinearity in Regression Analysis. American Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 8(2), 39–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12691/ajams-8-2-1
Srivastava, S., & Agarwal, S. (2020). Workplace bullying and intention to leave: a moderated mediation model of emotional exhaustion and supervisory support. Employee Relations, 42(6), 1547–1563. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-07-2019-0293
Ståle, E., Skogstad, A., Rørvik, E., Lande, Å. B., & Nielsen, M. B. (2018). Climate for conflict management, exposure to workplace bullying and work engagement: a moderated mediation analysis. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 29(3), 549–570. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2016.1164216
Tehseen, S., Ramayah, T., & Sajilan, S. (2017). Testing and Controlling for Common Method Variance: A Review of Available Methods. Journal of Management Sciences, 4(2), 142–168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20547/jms.2014.1704202
Teo, S. T. T., Nguyen, D., Trevelyan, F., Lamm, F., & Boocock, M. (2021). Workplace bullying, psychological hardiness, and accidents and injuries in nursing: A moderated mediation model. PLoS ONE, 16(1), 1–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244426
Weiss, M., & Morrison, E. W. (2019). Speaking up and moving up: How voice can enhance employees’ social status. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 40(1), 5–19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2262
Wu, M., He, Q., Imran, M., & Fu, J. (2020). Workplace Bullying, Anxiety, and Job Performance: Choosing Between “Passive Resistance” or “Swallowing the Insult”? Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02953
Xiao, S., Shi, L., Lin, H., Zhao, S., Ou, W., Zhang, J., Zhu, H., & Zhang, C. (2022). The impact of psychological capital on turnover intention among Chinese nurses: A moderated mediation model. Journal of Nursing Management, 30(7), 3031–3040. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13702
Zhang, Z., Xiao, H., Zhang, L., & Zheng, J. (2021). Linking Cyberbullying to Job Strain: Roles of Ego Depletion and Self-Efficacy. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, 1–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2021.1933288
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Minahil Khaliq
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright: The Authors