Conceptualizing the antecedents of Workplace Innovation in SMEs of Pakistan: A Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31384/jisrmsse/2020.18.1.7Keywords:
Workplace Innovation, SMEs, LMX, Learning Orientation, Creative Self-efficacy, Work Context, Creative PerformanceAbstract
Small and medium enterprise (SMEs) adds a critical contribution concerning progression in economies in terms of employment and growth irrespective of economies standing and positioning. Trade and industrial resumption afterwards the East Asian crunch of 90s and 2009 international monetary crises influence the economies to establish a sturdier base for local industries especially SMEs. The trade and business sector globally are facing modifications which instigating from modern description of innovation and entrepreneurialism. Which reviving the excellence of production and services, technological advancement, and workplace innovation. Which is imposing pressure on businesses and strategic makers for refurbishment of approaches and stratagems aligned with the domestic business development models. Consequently, inferred a latest prototype for SMEs to enforce businesses to be more dynamic, effectual and up to date. Similarly, SMEs in Pakistan are functioning under constant constraints due to lacking in advancement and evolution in operational, administrative and procedural dominions. Therefore, these forces the need for innovation to deal with challenges effectively and to ensure its existence competitively both in a local and international markets. The purpose of this study was to add significantly in the literature of ‘workplace innovation’ and proposing the model of workplace innovation especially in context of SMEs.
Downloads
References
Amara, N., Landry, R., Becheikh, N., & Ouimet, M. (2008). Learning and novelty of innovation in established manufacturing SMEs, Technovation, 28(7), 450-463. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2008.02.001
Amabile, T.M. (1982). Social psychology of creativity: a consensual assessment technique, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43(5), 997-1013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.43.5.997
Amabile, T.M. (1988). A model of creativity and innovation in organizations, Research in Organizational Behavior, 10(1), 123-167.
Amabile, T. M., & Gryskiewicz. S.S. (1988). Creative Human Resources in the R&D Laboratory: How Environment and Personality Impact Innovation. Handbook for Creative and Innovative Managers, edited by R. L. Kuhn. New York: McGraw- Hill.
Amabile, T.M. (1996). Creativity in Context: Update to the Social Psychology of Creativity, Westview Press, Boulder, CO.
Amabile, T. M. (1998). How to kill creativity. Harvard Business Review, 76, 77-87.
Amabile, T. (2000). Stimulate creativity by fueling passion, The Blackwell Handbook of Principles of Organizational Behavior, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 331-341.
Amabile, T.M., Schatzel, E.A.Moneta, G.B.,& Kramer, S.J. (2004). Leader behaviors and the work environment for creativity: perceived leader support, The Leadership Quarterly, 15, 5-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.12.003
Amabile, T. M., Barsade, S. G., Mueller, J. S., & Staw, B. M. (2005). Affect and creativity at work. Administrative Science Quarterly, 50, 367-403. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.2005.50.3.367
Atitumpong, A., Badir, Y.F. (2018).Leader-member exchange, learning orientation and innovative work behavior, Journal of Workplace Learning, 30(1), 32-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JWL-01-2017-0005
Adil, M.S., Khan, M.N., Khan, I.,& Qursehi, M.S. (2018). Impact of leader creativity expectations on employee creativity: assessing the mediating and moderating role of creative self-efficacy, International Journal of Management Practice, 11(2), 171-189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMP.2018.090832
Afsar, B., & Masood, M. (2017).Transformational leadership, creative self-efficacy, trust in supervisor, uncertainty avoidance, and innovative work behavior of nurses, The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 54 (1), 36-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886317711891
Agashae, Z., & Bratton, J. (2001). Leader-follower dynamics: developing a learning environment, Journal of Workplace Learning,13(3),89-103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13665620110388398
Abid, G., Irum, Z., & Alia, A. (2015). Mediated mechanism of thriving at work between perceived organization support, innovative work behavior and turnover intention, Pakistan Journal of Commerce and social sciences, 9(3), 982-998.
Ayub, U., Kausar, A.R., & Qadri, M.M. (2017). Linking Human capital and organizational innovative capabilities of financial institutions: Evidence from a developing country of south Asia, Journal of Information and Knowledge Management, 16(4), 1-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219649217500423
Anderson, N., Potocnik, K., & Zhou.J. (2014). Innovation and Creativity in Organizations: A state of the science review, prospective commentary and guiding framework, Innovation and creativity, 1-71.
Bilal, A., Majid, F., & Shahid, M. (2014). The Impact of intrinsic motivation on creative expressions: Does Pro-Social culture makes any difference?, European Journal of Business and Management, 6(36), 152-158.
Bilal, A., & Ahmad (2019). Impact of team goal orientation and information exchange on creativity and innovation in advertising creative teams of Pakistan, Business and Economic review, 11(1), 145-160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22547/BER/11.1.7
Bibi, A., & Afsar, B. (2018). Leader-Member exchange and innovative work behavior: the role of intrinsic motivation, psychological empowerment and creative process engagement, Perspectives of Innovations, Economics and Business, 18(1), 25-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15208/pieb.2018.3
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Towards a unifying theory of Behavioral change, Psychological Review, 84, 191-215. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Bandura, A. (1988). Self-efficacy conception of anxiety, Anxiety Research, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10615808808248222
Blau, P. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley.
Baregheh, A., Rowley, J., & Sambrook, S. (2009). Towards a multidisciplinary definition of innovation. Management Decision, 47, 1323–1339. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740910984578
Carmeli, A., & Schaubroeck, J. (2007). The influence of leaders’ and other referents’ normative expectations on individual involvement in creative work. The Leadership Quarterly, 18, 35-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2006.11.001
Camelo-Ordaz, C., Fernández-Alles,M., De la, L., & Valle-Cabrera,R. (2008). Top management team’s vision and human resources management practices in innovative Spanish companies, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19(4), 620–638. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190801953665
Choi, J.N. (2004). Individual and contextual predictors of creative performance: the mediating role of psychological processes, Creativity Research Journal, 16, (2/3), 187–199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2004.9651452
Charoenrat, T., Harvie, C., Amornkitvikai, Y. (2013). Thai manufacturing small and medium sized enterprise technical efficiency: Evidence from firm-level industrial census data, Journal of Asian Economics, 27(0), 42-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2013.04.011
Carneiro, A. (2008). When leadership means more innovation and development, Business Strategy Series, 9(4), 176-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17515630810891843
Dar, M.S., Ahmed, S., & Raziq, A. (2017). Small and medium size enterprises in Pakistan: Definition and critical issues, Pakistan Business Review, 46-70.
Devloo, T., Anseel, F., Beuckelaer. A. D. and Salanova. M. (2014). Keep the fire burning: Reciprocal gains of basic need satisfaction, intrinsic motivation and innovative work behaviour. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 24(4), 1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2014.931326
Dewett, T. (2007). Linking intrinsic motivation, risk taking, and employee creativity in an R&D environment, R&D Management, 37, 197–208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2007.00469.x
Dweck, C.S. (2000). Self-Theories: Their Role in Motivation, Personality, and Development, Psychology Press,Philadelphia.
De Jong, J.P., & Den Hartog, D.N. (2007). How leaders influence employees’ innovative behavior, European Journal of Innovation Management, 10(1), 41-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14601060710720546
Dutta, S., Reynoso, R.E., & Garanasvili, A. (2017). The Global Innovation Index 2019, Innovation Policies for Development.
Erickson, C. L & Jacoby, S. (2003). The effect of employer networks on workplace innovation and training. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 56, 203–223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/001979390305600201
Ferreira, J. J. M., Raposo, M. L., & Fernandes, C. I. (2013). Does innovativeness of knowledge-intensive business services differ from other industries? The Service Industries Journal, 33, 734–748. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2013.740462
Ghafoor, A., Qureshi, T. M., Azeemi, H. R., & Hijazi, S. T. (2011). Mediating role of creative self-efficacy. African Journal of Business Management, 5, 11093–11103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM11.876
Graen, G. B., & Scandura, T. A. (1987). Toward a psychology of dyadic organizing. In L. L. Cummings & B. M. Staw (Ed.), Research in organizational behavior (175–208). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Graen, G. B., & Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-level multi domain perspective. Leadership Quarterly, 6, 219-247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(95)90036-5
Ganter, A., & Hecker, A. (2014). Configurational paths to organizational innovation: Qualitative comparative analyses of antecedents and contingencies, Journal of Business Research, 67, 1285–1292. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.03.004
Gumusluoglu, L., & Ilsev,A. (2009). Transformational leadership, creativity and organizational innovation, Journal of Business Research, 62, 461–473. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.07.032
García-Morales, V. J. (2008). Influence of transformational leadership on organizational innovation and performance depending on the level of organizational learning in the pharmaceutical sector, Journal of Organizational Change Management, 21, 188–212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810810856435
Gong, Y., Huang, J. C., & Farh, J. L. (2009). Employee learning orientation, transformational leadership, and employee creativity: the mediating role of employee creative self-efficacy, Academy of Management Journal, 52(4), 765-778. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2009.43670890
Gomezelj, D. O., & Gomezelj, D. O. (2016). A systematic review of research on innovation in hospitality and tourism. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(3), 516-558. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-10-2014-0510
Gilson, L.L., & Shalley, C.E. (2004). A little creativity goes a long way: an examination of team engagement in creative processes, Journal of management, 30(4), 453-470. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jm.2003.07.001
Hassan, H,U., Malik, A.A., Hasnain, A., Faiz, M.F., & Abbas, J. (2013). Measuring employee creativity and its impact on organization innovation capability and performance in the Banking sector of Pakistan, World applied Science Journal, 24(7), 949-959.
Hafeez, M. H., Mohd Shariff, M. N. & Mad Lazim, H. (2013). Does Innovation and Relational Learning Influence SME Performance? An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan, Asian Social Science, 9(15), 204 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n15p204
Hon, A.H.Y., Chan, W.W.H., & Lu, L. (2013). Overcoming work related stress and promoting employee creativity inn hotel industry: The role of task feedback from supervisor, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2012.11.001
Hirst, G., Van Knippenbergg, D., Zhou, J., Quintane, E., & Zhu, C. (2015). Heard it through the grapevine: Indirect networks and employee creativity, Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(2), 567-574. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038333
Jaussi, K. S., Randel, A. E., & Dionne, S. D. (2007). I am, I think I can, and I do: The role of personal identity, self-efficacy, and cross-application of experiences in creativity at work. Creativity Research Journal, 19, 247–258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10400410701397339
Jaskyte, K. (2004). Transformational leadership, Organizational culture and Innovativeness in nonprofit organizations, Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 15(2), 153- 168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/nml.59
Jaskyte, K., & Kisieliene, A. (2006). Determinants of employee creativity: A survey of Lithuanian non-profit organizations, Voluntas, 17, 133–141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-006-9008-2
Janseen, J. J. P., Van Den Bosch, F. A. J., & Volberda, H. W. (2006). Exploratory innovation, exploitative innovation, and performance: Effects of organizational antecedents and environmental moderators. Management Science, 52(11), 1661-1674. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1060.0576
Khan, M.M., Sarwar, A., Malik, S.A., & Ahmed, M. (2014). Influence of transformational leadership on organizational innovation in telecommunication industry in Pakistan, Asian Journal of Business Management, 6(3), 138-145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19026/ajbm.6.5156
Khan, S., & Khan, M.A. (2019). Customer Orientation of service employees and enabler of creativity and innovation: A case of ICT sector of Pakistan, Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 7(1), 2305-6533.
Kim,L., & Lui, S. (2015). The impacts of external network and business group on innovation: do the types of innovation matter? Journal of Business Research, 1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.01.006
Kang, J.H., Matusik,J.G., Kim,T.Y., & Phillips,J.M. (2016). Interactive effects of multiple organizational climates on employee innovative behavior in entrepreneurial firms: A cross-level investigation, Journal of Business Venturing, 31(6), 628–642. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2016.08.002
Laeeque, S.H., Babar,S.M., & Ahmad, A.M. (2017). The integrative determinants of innovation performance: the role of learning organization and knowledge creation, Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social sciences, 11(1), 166-183.
Madjar, N., & Shalley, C.E. (2008). Multiple tasks and multiple goals, effect on creativity :forced incubation or just a distraction? Journal of Management, 34, 786–805. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308318611
Marcati, A., Guido, G., & Peluso, A.M. (2008). The role of SME entrepreneur’s innovativeness and personality in the adoption of innovation, Research Policy, 37, 1579-1590. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.06.004
Marrow, P.C., Suzuki, Y., Crum, M.R., & Ruben, R. (2005). The role of Leader-member exchange in high turnover work environment, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 20(8), 681-694. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940510631444
McMurry, A.J., Islam, M. Md., Sarro, J.S., Pirola-Merlo, A. (2013). Workplace Innovation in a nonprofit organization, Nonprofit Management & Leadership, 23(3), 367-388. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/nml.21066
McMurray, A. J., & Dorai, R. (2003). Workplace Innovation Scale: A New Method for Measuring Innovation in the Workplace, Proceedings of the fifth European Conference on Organizational Knowledge, Learning, and Capabilities (OKLC 2003), Barcelona, Spain.
Muenjohn, N., & McMurray, A.J. (2016). The impact of leadership on workplace innovation in Thai and Vietnamese SMEs, The Journal of Developing Areas, 50(5), 479–486. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2016.0045
Mokhtari, K., & Reichard, C.A. (2002). Assessing students’ metacognitive awareness of reading strategies, Journal of Educational Psychology, 94 (2), 249–259. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.94.2.249
MasterCard Worldwide (2013). New Wave of Growth in China Innovation through Developing SMEs, White Paper.
Molnar, Z., Nguyen, HH., & Homolka, L. (2012). Knowledge Management as a solution for the shortage of competent employees in SMEs at the developing country (Case study: Vietnam), Journal of Systems Integration, 3, 38-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20470/jsi.v2i3.89
Oldham, G.R., & Cummings, A. (1996). Employee creativity: Personal and contextual factors at work, Academy of Management. Journal, 39(3), 607-634. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/256657
Pakistan Economic Survey (2017-2018), a yearly publication of Ministry of Finance, Government of Pakistan, Retrieved from http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapters_17/03-Manufacturing.pdf
Porath, C., Spreitzer, G., Gibson, C., & Garnett, F.G. (2011). Thriving at work: towards its measurement, construct validation and theoretical refinement, Journal of organizational behavior, 33, 250-275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.756
Qu, R., Janssen, O., & Shi, K. (2017). Leader–member exchange and follower creativity: the moderating roles of leader and follower expectations for creativity, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 28(4), 603-626. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2015.1105843
Quinn, R. W., Dutton, J.E. (2005). Coordination as energy-in-conversation: A process theory of organizing, Academy of Management Review. 30(1) 38-57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2005.15281422
Rank, J., Pace, V. L., & Frese, M. (2004). Three avenues for future research on creativity, innovation, and initiative. Applied Psychology, 53(4), 518-528. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2004.00185.x
Richter, A.W., Hirst, G., Knippenberg, D.V., & Baer, M. (2012). Creative self-efficacy and individual creativity in team context: cross level interactions with team informational resources, Journal of applied Psychology, 97(6), 1282-1290. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029359
Rahman, S., Batool, S., Akhtar, N., & Ali, H. (2015). Fostering Individual creativity through proactive personality: A multilevel perspective, Journal of Management sciences, 9(2), 162-178.
Richards, D.A., & Hackett, R.D. (2012). Attachment and emotion regulation: Compensatory interactions and leader-member exchange, The Leadership Quarterly. 23(4), 686-701. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.03.005
Roberts, L.m., Dutton, J.E., Spreitzer, G., Heaphy, E., & Quinn, R.E. (2005). Composing the reflected best self: building pathways for becoming extraordinary in work organization, Academy of management review, 30(4), 712-736. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2005.18378874
Rupp, D.E., Shapiro, D.L., Folger, R., Skarlicki, D.P., & Shao.R. (2017). A critical analysis of the conceptualization and measurement of organizational justice: Is it time for reassessment? Academy of Management Annals, 11(2), 919 –959. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2014.0051
Rujirawanich, P., Addison, R., & Smallman, C. (2011). The effects of cultural factors on innovation in a Thai SME, Management Research Review, 34 (12), 1264-79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01409171111186397
Saad, M. S. M., & Mazzarol, T. (2010). The impact of leadership on organizational innovation performance among Malaysia’s multimedia super corridor (MSC) SME, Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Business Research (ICABR), Ras Al Khaimah, UAE.
Strech, D., & Sofaer, N. (2012). How to write a systematic review of reasons, Journal of Medical Ethics, 38(2), 121–126. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2011-100096
Scott, S.G., & Bruce,R.A. (1994). Determinants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in the workplace, Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 580–607. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/256701
Santoro, G., Vrontis, D., Thrassou, A., & Dezi, L. (2017). The internet of things: Building a knowledge management system for open innovation and knowledge management capacity, Technological forecasting and social change, 1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.02.034
Schermuly, C. C., Meyer, B., & Dämmer, L. (2013). Leader-member exchange and innovative behavior, Journal of Personnel Psychology, 12, 132-142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000093
Spreitzer, G., Sutcliffe, K., Dutton, J., Sonenshein, S., & Grant, A.M. (2005). A socially embedded model of thriving at work, Organization Science, 16(5), 537-549. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1050.0153
Sternberg, R.J., & O’Hara, L.A. (1999). Creativity and intelligence, in Sternberg, R.J. (Ed.), Handbook of Creativity, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA, 251-272. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511807916.015
Sundstrom, E., De Meuse, K. P., & Futrell, D. (1990). Work teams: Applications and effectiveness, American Psychologist, 45,120–133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.45.2.120
Simao, L., & Franco, M. (2018). External knowledge sources as antecedents of organizational innovation in firm workplaces: a knowledge-based perspective, Journal of Knowledge Management, 22(2), 237-256. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-01-2017-0002
Slatten, T., Svensson, G., & Svaeri, S. (2011). Empowering leadership and the influence of a humorous work climate on service employee’s creativity and innovative behavior in frontline service jobs, International Journal of Quality and service sciences, 3(3), 267-284. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17566691111182834
Sutton, R.I., & Staw, B.M. (1995). What theory is not, Administrative science quarterly, 40(3), 371-384. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2393788
Shin, S.J., Kim,T., L., J.Y., Biian, L. (2012). Cognitive team diversity and Individual member creativity: A cross-level interaction, Academy of Management Journal, 55(1), 197-212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0270
SMEDA (2017). State of SMEs in Pakistan, Retrieved from http://www.smeda.org/index.phpoption=com_contentandview=articleandid=7:state-of-smesinpakistanandcatid=15
SMEDA (2017). SME Policy development, Retrieved from http://www.smeda.org/index.phpoption=com_contentandview=articleandid=58:sme-policydevelopmentandcatid=2andItemid=101
Subhan, A.Q., Mehmood,M.R., & Sattar, A. (2013). Innovation in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and its impact on economic development of Pakistan, Proceedings of the 6th internal business and social sciences research conference.
Shafique, M.R, Rizwan, M., Jhangir, M.M., Mansoor, A., Akram, S., & Hussain, A. (2010). Determinants of entrepreneurial success/failure from SMEs perspective, IOSR, Journal of Business and Management, 83-92.
Subhan, Q.A, Mahmood, T., & Sattar, A. (2014). Innovation and Economic Development A Case of Small and Medium Enterprises in Pakistan, 52.
Syed, A.A.S.G., Ahmadani, M.M., Shaikh, N., & Shaikh, F.M. (2012). Impact Analysis of SMEs Sector in Economic Development of Pakistan: A Case of Sindh, Journal of Asian Business Strategy, 2(2), 44–53.
Tseng, M.L. (2012). Mediate effect of technology innovation capabilities investment capability and firm performance in Vietnam, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 40, 817-829. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.267
Tidd, J., Bessant, J., & Pavitt, K. (2001). Managing Innovation Integrating Technological, Market and Organizational Change. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
Tether, B. S. (2005). Do Services Innovate (Differently)? Insights from the European Innobarometer Survey, Industry and Innovation, 12(2), 153–184. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13662710500087891
Tierney, P., & Farmer,S.M.(2002). Creative self-efficacy: its potential antecedents and relationship to creative performance, Academy of Management Journal, 45(6), 1137-1148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/3069429
Tierney, P., & Farmer, S.M. (2011). Creative self-efficacy development and creative performance over time, Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(2), 277-289. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020952
Volmer, J., Spurk, D., & Niessen, C. (2012). Leader–member exchange (LMX), job autonomy, and creative work involvement, The Leadership Quarterly, 23(3), 456-465. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.10.005
Van der Vegt, G.S., & Janseen, O. (2003). Joint impact of interdependence and group diversity on innovation, Journal of Management, 29, 729-751. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063_03_00033-3
Vaqar, A., Mahmood, H., Wahab, M.A., & Mustafa, A. (2011). Effectiveness of HRD for developing SMEs in South Asia, SAARC Human resource development Center, 3-61.
Vrontis, D., Thrassou, A., Santoro, G. & Papa, A. (2017). Ambidexterity, external knowledge and performance in knowledge-intensive firms, The Journal of Technology Transfer, 42 (2), 374-388. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-016-9502-7
Wang, X.H.F., Fang, Y., Qureshi, I., & Janssen, O. (2015). Understanding employee innovative behavior: integrating the social network and leader–member exchange perspectives, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(3), 403-420. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1994
Widysstuti, S., Qosasi, A., Noor, L.S.,& Kurniwati, D. (2017). Enhancing the competitive advantage of SMEs through innovation: The role of market and entrepreneurship orientation, learning organization, International Journal of Economic research, 14(20), 203-221.
Wikhamn, W., Ambrecht, J., Wikhamn, B.R. (2018). Innovation in Swedish hotels, International Journal of Contemporary hospitality Management, 1-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-06-2017-0323
Wood, R., & Bandura, A. (1989). Social cognitive theory of Organizational Management, The Academy of Management Review, 14(3). 361-384. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1989.4279067
Woodman, A.W., & Schoenfeldt, L.F. (1990). Interactionalist Model of creative Behavior, Journal of Creative Behavior, 24(4), 279-290. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.1990.tb00549.x
Woodman, R.W. & Sawyer, J.E., & Griffin, R.W. (1993). Towards a theory of organizational creativity, The academy of Management Review, 18(2), 293-321. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1993.3997517
Wu,W.Y., Chiang,C.Y., & Jiang, J.S.(2002). Interrelationships between TMT management styles and organizational innovation, Industrial Management& Data Systems, 102(3), 171-183. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570210421363
Wadood, F., & Shamsuddin, A. (2012). Key Factors enhancing innovativeness among VSMEs of Pakistan, Proceedings of the 2012 International conference on Innovation, Management and Technology Research, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIMTR.2012.6236380
Wageman, R. (1995). Interdependence and group effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40: 145–180. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2393703
Walumbwa, F. O., Christensen-Salem, A., Hsu, I. C., & Misati, E. (2018). Creative self-efficacy and creative performance: understanding the underlying mechanisms, Academy of Management Proceedings (2018)(1), 171-183. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2018.75
Wongtada, N., & Rice, G. (2008). Multidimensional latent traits of perceived organizational innovation: differences between Thai and Egyptian employees, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 25(3),537-562. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-008-9085-4
Yusuf, S. (2009). From creativity to innovation. Technology in Society, 31, 1–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2008.10.007
Zafar, H., Hafeez, M. H., & Mohd Shariff, M. N. (2015). Mediating Impact of Innovation on Relationship between Market Orientation, Organizational Learning, Organizational Culture and Organizational Performance, Proceedings of Kuala Lumpur International Business, Economics and Law Conference 7(2).
Zhou, J., & George, J.M. (2001). When Job dissatisfaction leads to creativity: Encouraging the expression of voice, Academy of Management Journal, 1-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3069410
Zhao, J., Song, F., Chen, Q., Li, M., Wang, Y.,& Kong, F. (2018). Linking shyness to loneliness in Chinese adolescents: the mediating role of core self-evaluation and social support, Personality and Individual Differences, 125(3), 140-144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.01.007
Zhang, X., & Bartol, K. M. (2010). Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: The influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement. Academy of Management Journal, 53(1), 107-128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.48037118
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Author
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright: The Authors
