Cultivating Wellness in Banking: How Organizational Justice and Employee Engagement Combat Job Burnout?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31384/jisrmsse/2024.22.3.5Keywords:
Organizational Justice, Employee Engagement, Job BurnoutAbstract
The primary purpose of this study was to explore how organisational justice influences job burnout through the mediation of employee engagement. To achieve this, the study employed a quantitative positivist etic methodology, surveying 356 employees within the commercial banking sector of Sindh Province, Pakistan, and utilising structural equation modelling (SEM) for data analysis. The findings revealed that justice significantly enhances engagement and reduces burnout. Specifically, OJ predicts approximately 70% of the variance in EE (R2 = 0.698) with a strong path coefficient of 0.838 (T-statistic = 25.659, p-value = 0.000). Additionally, it also explained about 47% of the variance in JB (R2 = 0.469), with a moderate path coefficient of 0.302 (T-statistic = 2.065, p-value = 0.019). Furthermore, EE was found to mediate the relationship between OJ and JB, indicating that fair organisational practices indirectly contributes to reducing burnout levels through enhanced engagement. Along with that, EE mediates the relationship between OJ and JB, with an indirect effect path coefficient of 0.353 (T-statistic = 2.669, p-value = 0.004). The implications of these findings suggest that implementing just organisational practices can effectively balance burnout and enhanced engagement, thereby improving overall employee wellbeing and organisational performance. This research contributes to the existing literature by addressing gaps in understanding how organisational justice affects job burnout and employee engagement in the banking sector of Sindh Province. It provides valuable insights into balancing burnout and enhancing engagement through just organisational practices.
Downloads
References
Adams, J. S. (1965). Inequity in social exchange. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 2, 267-299.
Agarwal, G., Mosquera, M., Ring, M., & Victorson, D. (2020). Work engagement in medical students: An exploratory analysis of the relationship between engagement, burnout, perceived stress, lifestyle factors, and medical student attitudes. Medical Teacher - Taylor & Francis Online, 42(3), 299–305.
Aggarwal, A., & Mittal, A. (2021). Modeling the effect of organizational justice on employee's well-being, organizational citizenship behavior, and turnover intentions through employee engagement. The Open Psychology Journal, 14(1), 238-248.
Aggarwal, A., & Mittal, A. (2021). Modeling the effect of organizational justice on employee's well-being, organizational citizenship behavior, and turnover intentions through employee engagement. The Open Psychology Journal, 14(1), 238-248.
Ahmad, I., & Gao, Y. (2018a). Ethical leadership and work engagement: The roles of psychological empowerment and power distance orientation. Management Decision - Emerald Insight, 56(9), 1991–2005.
Ahmed, K., Adeel, A., Ali, R., & Rehman, R. U. (2019). Organisational democracy and employee outcomes: The mediating role of organisational justice. Business Strategy & Development - Wiley Online Library, February, 2(3), 204-219.
Akgunduz, Y., Bardakoglu, O. and Kizilcalioglu, G. (2023). Happiness, job stress, job dedication and perceived organisational support: a mediating model. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 6(2), 654-673.
Al Halbusi, H., Williams, K. A., Mansoor, H. O., Hassan, M. S., & Hamid, F. A. H. (2019). Examining the impact of ethical leadership and organisational justice on employees' ethical behaviour: Does person–organisation fit play a role? Ethics & Behavior, 30(7), 514–532.
Alola, U. V., & Alafeshat, R. (2021). The impact of human resource practices on employee engagement in the airline industry. Journal of Public Affairs, 21(1), e2135.
Anazor, C. S., & Onwuamaegbu, P. O. (2024). Analysing the predictive effects of gender, procedural justice and distributive justice on organisational commitment among fire service personnel in Anambra state. African Journal of Social and Behavioural Sciences, 14(2). https://journals.aphriapub.com/index.php/AJSBS/article/view/2570
Andarini, S., Wahyuni, P., & Siswanti, Y. (2024). The Influence of Organizational Justice on Employee Engagement is Mediated by Job Satisfaction at the Yogyakarta College of Aerospace Technology (STTKD). Journal of Business Innovation and Research, 3(1), 61–76.
Aslam, M. Z., Nor, M. N. M., Omar, S., & Bustaman, H. A. (2020). Predicting proactive service performance: The role of employee engagement and positive emotional labour among frontline hospitality employees. Cogent Business and Management - Taylor & Francis Online, 7(1).
Atmaca, Ç., Rızaoğlu, F., Türkdoğan, T., & Yaylı, D. (2020). An emotion-focused approach in predicting teacher burnout and job satisfaction. Teaching and Teacher Education - Elsevier, 90.
Ayamga, M., Annosi, M. C., Kassahun, A., Dolfsma, W., & Tekinerdogan, B. (2024). Adaptive organisational responses to varied types of failures: Empirical insights from technology providers in Ghana. Technovation, 129, 102887.
Ayim Gyekye, S., & Haybatollahi, M. (2014). Relationship Between Organisational Justice and Organizational Safety Climate: Do Fairness Perceptions Influence Employee Safety Behaviour? International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 20, 199 - 211.
Bager, A. S., & McClellan, J. G. (2023). Leadership and Organizational Small Storymaking: Inviting Employee Engagement and Engendering Open and Sustainable Workplaces. Volume 1: Business True Storytelling: Volume 2: Business Storytelling and Sustainability: Volume 3: Business Storytelling Communication: Volume 4: Business Storytelling, Science and Statistics: Volume 5: Business Storytelling and Grounding Methodology, 2, V2-155-V2-189.
Bahagia, R., Ramadhan, M., & Yafiz, M. R. (2024). The effect of organisational justice on Islamic proactive behaviour among lecturers in Islamic university: The mediating roles of job burnout and engagement. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 30(5), 258–268.
Bauwens, R., Audenaert, M., Huisman, J., & Decramer, A. (2019). Performance management fairness and burnout: implications for organisational citizenship behaviours. Studies in Higher Education - Taylor & Francis Online, 44(3), 584–598.
Cachón-Alonso, L., & Elovainio, M. (2021). Organizational Justice and Health: Reviewing Two Decades of Studies. Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology, 2022(1), 3218883.
Calvo, J. C. A., & García, G. M. (2018). Hardiness as moderator of the relationship between structural and psychological empowerment on burnout in middle managers. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology - The British Psychological Society - Wiley Online Library, 91(2), 362–384.
Claponea, R. M., & Iorga, M. (2023). Burnout, Organizational Justice, Workload, and Emotional Regulation among Medical and Non-Medical Personnel Working in Romanian Healthcare Units. Behavioral Sciences, 13(3), 225.
Clements, A. J., & Kinman, G. (2022). Job demands, organizational justice, and emotional exhaustion in prison officers. In Promoting Wellness and Resiliency in Correctional Officers (1st ed., pp. 18). Routledge.
Colquitt, J. A., Hill, E. T., & De Cremer, D. (2023). Forever focused on fairness: 75 years of organisational justice in Personnel Psychology. Personnel Psychology, 76(2), 413–435.
Cortés-Denia, D., Lopez-Zafra, E., & Pulido-Martos, M. (2021). Physical and psychological health relations to engagement and vigour at work: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review. Current Psychology 2021 42:1, 42(1), 765–780.
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874-900.
Deer, L. B. K., Gohn, K., & Kanaya, T. (2018). Anxiety and self-efficacy as sequential mediators in US college student's career preparation. Education and Training, 60(2), 185–197.
Diaz-Carrion, R., López-Fernández, M., & Romero-Fernandez, P. M. (2020). Sustainable human resource management and employee engagement: A holistic assessment instrument. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(4), 1749-1760.
Eissa, G. (2020). Individual initiative and burnout as antecedents of employee expediency and the moderating role of conscientiousness. Journal of Business Research - Elsevier, 110(April 2019), 202–212.
El Haddad, R., Karkoulian, S., & Nehme, R. (2019). The impact of 360 feedback appraisal system on organisational justice and sustainability: The mediating roles of gender and managerial levels. International Journal of Organizational Analysis - Emerald Insight, 27(3), 712–728.
Faldetta, G. (2016), "Organisational caring and organisational justice: Some implications for the employment relationship", International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 24(1), 64-80.
Farrar, A. W. (2023). The relationship between span of control and employee engagement: Structural and psychological empowerment as mediators and telework as a moderator (Publication No. 30424357) [Doctoral dissertation, Alliant International University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. Retrieved from ProQuest. https://www.proquest.com/openview/3755f88f87c66984d3feee9fac0e4670/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
Gede, D. U., & Huluka, A. T. (2024). Effects of employee engagement on organisational performance: Case of public universities in Ethiopia. Future Business Journal, 10(32).
George, J., & Wallio, S. (2017). Organisational justice and millennial turnover in public accounting. Employee Relations - Emerald Insight, 39(1), 112–126
Ghosh, P., Rai, A. and Sinha, A. (2014), "Organizational justice and employee engagement: Exploring the linkage in public sector banks in India", Personnel Review, Vol. 43 No. 4, pp. 628-652.
Ginsburg, L., Berta, W., Baumbusch, J., Dass, A. R., Laporte, A., Reid, R. C., Squires, J., & Taylor, D. (2016). Measuring work engagement, psychological empowerment, and organisational citizenship behaviour among health care aides. Gerontologist, 56(2), e1–e11.
Gomes, E., Mellahi, K., Sahadev, S., & Harvey, A. (2017). Perceptions of justice and organisational commitment in international mergers and acquisitions. International Marketing Review, 34(5), 582-605.
Greenberg, J. (2012). Promote Procedural and Interactional Justice to Enhance Individual and Organisational Outcomes. In Handbook of Principles of Organizational Behavior, E.A. Locke (Eds.).
Gupta, M., & Kumar, Y. (2015). Justice and employee engagement: Examining the mediating role of trust in Indian B-schools. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration - Emerald Insight, 7(1), 89–103.
Gupta, V., & Kumar, S. (2012). Impact of performance appraisal justice on employee engagement: A study of Indian professionals. Employee Relations - Emerald Insight, 35(1), 61–78.
Hafeez, S., Memon, M. A., Mirza, M. Z., Raziq, M. M., Sarwar, N., & Ting, H. (2024). The dual impact of job variety on employee happiness and stress: The mediating role of employee engagement and burnout. Journal of Management Development, 43(2), 170-186.
Hayashi, T., Odagiri, Y., Takamiya, T., Ohya, Y., & Inoue, S. (2015). Organisational justice and insomnia: Relationships between justice components and insomnia symptoms among private company workers in Japan. Journal of Occupational Health, 57(2), 142–150.
Ho, H. C. Y. (2024). A one-year prospective study of organisational justice and work attitudes: an extended job demands-resources model. Journal of Managerial Psychology, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print).
Hyder, S., Malik, M. I., Hussain, S., Tasneem, M., Kaleem, M., & Saqib, A. (2022). Organizational justice and employee in-role performance nexus: a dual theory perspective. Cogent Business & Management, 9(1).
Hyder, S., Malik, M. I., Hussain, S., Tasneem, M., Kaleem, M., & Saqib, A. (2022). Organizational justice and employee in-role performance nexus: a dual theory perspective. Cogent Business & Management, 9(1).
Janighorban, M., Dadkhahtehrani, T., Najimi, A., & Hafezi, S. (2020). The Correlation between Psychological Empowerment and Job Burnout in Midwives Working in the Labor Ward of Hospitals. Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research, 25(2), 128–133.
Jepsen, D. M., & Rodwell, J. (2012). Female Perceptions of Organisational Justice. Gender, Work and Organization, 19(6), 723–740.
Jnaneswar, K., & Ranjit, G. (2022). Organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviour: The mediating role of psychological ownership. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 9(1), 1-19.
Jnaneswar, K., & Ranjit, G. (2022). Organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviour: The mediating role of psychological ownership. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 9(1), 1-19.
Kriegel, J. (2016). Employee Engagement. In Unfairly Labeled: How your Workplace can benefit from ditching Generational Stereotypes - Wiley & Sons.
Kwon, K., Jeong, S., Park, J., & Yoon, S. W. (2024). Employee development and employee engagement: a review and integrated model. Career Development International, 29(2), 169–184. https:// 10.1108/cdi-04-2023-0117
Kyei-Poku, I. (2019a). The influence of fair supervision on employees' emotional exhaustion and turnover intentions. Management Research Review - Emerald Insight, 42(9), 1116–1132.
Lin, Q., Beh, L.-S., & Mohd Kamil, N. L. (2024). Perceived organisational justice and support facilitate employee innovation: A moderated mediation model of work engagement and empowerment. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 52(3), 1-14.
Linacre, S. (2016). Stressing the importance of stress. Human Resource Management International Digest, 24(6), 37–39.
Ludwig, T. D., & Frazier, C. B. (2012). Employee Engagement and Organisational Behavior Management. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management - Taylor & Francis Online, 32(1), 75–82.
Mangi, R. A., & Jalbani, A. A. (2013). Mediation of work engagement between emotional exhaustion, cynicism and turnover intentions. International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research, 2(7), 45–54. http://www.ijmsbr.com/Vol%202,%20Issue%207%20Paper%20(5).pdf
Mashi, M. S. (2017). The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction in the Relationship between Organizational Justice and Employee Outcomes. International Journal of Public Administration - Taylor & Francis Online, 41(16), 1351–1360.
Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2016). Understanding the burnout experience: Recent research and its implications for psychiatry. World Psychiatry, 15(2), 103–111
Mbanaso, U. M., Abrahams, L., & Okafor, K. C. (2023). Research techniques for computer science, information systems and cybersecurity. Springer Cham.
Moczydłowska, J. (2012). Talent Management: Theory and Practice of Management. The Polish Experience. International Journal of Business Management & Economic Research, 3(1), 432–438. https://www.ijbmer.com/docs/volumes/vol3issue1/ijbmer2012030106.pdf
Moliner, C., Martínez-Tur, V., Ramos, J., Peiró, J. M., & Cropanzano, R. (2008). Organizational justice and extrarole customer service: The mediating role of well-being at work. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 17(3), 327–348.
Mozafari, Z., Azimi Lolaty, H., Mousavinasab, S. N., Yaghoubi, T., & Modanloo, S. (2023). The relationship between job burnout and organizational justice in Iranian nurses: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Nursing Reports and Clinical Practice, 1(2), 70-77.
Mubashar, T., Musharraf, S., Khan, S., & Butt, T. A. (2022). Impact of organizational justice on employee engagement: The mediating role of organizational trust. Cogent Psychology, 9(1).
Mubashar, T., Musharraf, S., Khan, S., & Butt, T. A. (2022). Impact of organizational justice on employee engagement: The mediating role of organizational trust. Cogent Psychology, 9(1).
Mufti, M., Xiaobao, P., Shah, S. J., Sarwar, A., & Zhenqing, Y. (2020). Influence of leadership style on job satisfaction of NGO employee: The mediating role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Public Affairs - Wiley Online Library, 20(1).
Nair, M. S., & Salleh, R. (2015). Linking Performance Appraisal Justice, Trust, and Employee Engagement: A Conceptual Framework. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences - Elsevier, 211, 1155–1162.
Navarro-Abal, Y., Gómez-Salgado, J., López-López, M. J., & Climent-Rodríguez, J. A. (2018). Organisational justice, burnout, and engagement in university students: A comparison between stressful aspects of labour and university organisation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(10), 1–12.
Nindyati, A. D., & Ulfia, N. (2024). The role of organisational justice as mediator in the relationship between Islamic work ethics and work engagement. Humanitas: Indonesian Psychological Journal, 21(1), 53–64.
O'Connor, E. P., & Crowley-Henry, M. (2019). Exploring the Relationship Between Exclusive Talent Management, Perceived Organisational Justice and Employee Engagement: Bridging the Literature. Journal of Business Ethics - Springer, 156(4), 903–917.
Okoli, C. (2023). Inductive, abductive and deductive theorising. International Journal of Management Concepts and Philosophy, 16(3), 302–316.
Otto, K., & Mamatoglu, N. (2015). Why does interactional justice promote organisational loyalty job performance, and prevent mental impairment? The role of social support and social stressors. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied - Taylor & Francis Online, 149(2), 193–218.
Pasupuleti, S., Lambert, E. G., Srinivasa, S. R., Cluse-Tolar, T., & Jiang, S. (2024). The Importance of Organisational Justice on Job Burnout Among Midwestern U.S. Social Workers. Studies in Clinical Social Work: Transforming Practice, Education and Research.
Pirzada, Z. A., Mirani, S. H., Phulpoto, N. H., Dogar, H., Mahar, S. A., & Zuhaibuddin. (2020). Study of Employee Silence, Organisational Justice and Work Engagement : Mediation Analysis. International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, 20(1), 9–14.
Poon, J. M. L. (2012). Distributive Justice, Procedural Justice, Affective Commitment, and Turnover Intention: A Mediation-Moderation Framework. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(6), 1505–1532.
Quansah, P. E., Zhu, Y., & Guo, M. (2023). Assessing the effects of safety leadership, employee engagement, and psychological safety on safety performance. Journal of Safety Research, 86, 226–244.
Rahma, A., Tjahjono, K. H., Kurnia, M., & Rahayu, M. K. P. (2024). Literature Review: Study of the Effect of Distributive Justice on Employee Performance. Asian Journal of Management Analytics, 3(2), 353–366.
Rahman, A., Björk, P., & Ravald, A. (2020). Exploring the effects of service provider's organisational support and empowerment on employee engagement and wellbeing. Cogent Business and Management - Taylor & Francis Online, 7(1).
Rahman, U. U., Rehman, Ch. A., Imran, M. K., & Aslam, U. (2017). Does team orientation matter? Linking work engagement and relational psychological contract with performance. Journal of Management Development - Emerald Insight, 36(9), 1102–1113.
Rustiawan, I., Ausat, A. M. A., Gadzali, S. S., Suherlan, S., & Azzaakiyyah, H. K. (2023). Determinants of employee dedication to the company as a whole. Community Development Journal : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 4(1), 708–712.
Sahoo, R., & Sahoo, C. K. (2019). Organisational justice, conflict management and employee relations: The mediating role of the climate of trust. International Journal of Manpower - Emerald Insight, 40(4), 783–799.
Samuel, R., Ahmad, M., & Hassian, U. K. (2024). Employee Engagement During Pandemic: What Matters? AIP Conference Proceedings, 2799(1).
Sarfraz, M., Qun, W., Abdullah, M. I., & Alvi, A. T. (2018). Employees' perception of Corporate Social Responsibility impact on employee outcomes: Mediating role of organisational justice for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(7).
Schaufeli, W. B. (2015). Employee Engagement. Human Resource Management, 5, 1-3.
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2006). The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: A cross-national study. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(4), 701–716.
Shaw, S., & Allen, J. B. (2009). "To be a business and to keep our humanity:" A critical management studies analysis of the relationship between a funder and nonprofit community organisations. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 20(1), 83-96.
Shkoler, O., & Tziner, A. (2017). The Mediating and moderating role of burnout and emotional intelligence in the relationship between organisational justice and work misbehaviour. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology - Elsevier, 33(2), 157–164.
SurveyMonkey. (n.d.). Sample size calculator. Retrieved July 30, 2024, from https://www.surveymonkey.com/mp/sample-size-calculator/
Takemura, Y., Kunie, K., & Ichikawa, N. (2020). The effect of work environment on burnout among nursing directors: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Nursing Management, 28(1), 157–166.
Tehrani, S. A., Keshtkar, A., Ramasamy, A., & Fadaei, M. (2021). The worldwide prevalence of burnout syndrome among bank employees: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. Systematic Reviews, 10(283).
Timms, C., Fishman, T., Godineau, A., Granger, J., & Sibanda, T. (2018). Psychological engagement of university students: Learning communities and family relationships. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 10(3), 243–255.
Uraon, R.S. & Kumarasamy, R. (2024). The impact of justice perceptions of performance appraisal practices on job satisfaction and intention to stay: the mediating role of job engagement. Employee Relations, 46(2), 408-431.
Wolfe, S. E., & Lawson, S. G. (2020). The organisational justice effect among criminal justice employees: A meta-analysis. Criminology, 58(4), 619-644.
Wu, Q., Qi, T., Wei, J., & Shaw, A. (2023). Relationship between psychological detachment from work and depressive symptoms: Indirect role of emotional exhaustion and moderating role of self-compassion. BMC Psychology, 11(344).
Wu, Q., Qi, T., Wei, J., & Shaw, A. (2023). Relationship between psychological detachment from work and depressive symptoms: Indirect role of emotional exhaustion and moderating role of self-compassion. BMC Psychology, 11(344).
Ye, P., Liu, L. and Tan, J. (2023), "The influence of organisational justice and ethical leadership on employees’ innovation behaviour", European Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 26 No. 4, pp. 1129-1149.
Yousefi, Z., Feizollahzadeh, H., & Khodadadi, E. (2023). The relationship between organizational justice and job burnout in pre-hospital emergency nurses. Health in Emergencies and Disasters Quarterly, 8(4), 329-338.
Yu, J., Lee, A., Han, H., & Kim, H. R. (2019a). Organisational Justice and Performance of Hotel Enterprises: Impact of Job Embeddedness. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism - Taylor & Francis Online, 21(3), 337–360.
Zairbani, A., & Jaya Prakash, S. K. (2023). Competitive strategy and organizational performance: a systematic literature review. Benchmarking: An International Journal.
Zawawi, A. A., Noorshuhaimi, M. S., & Harun, N. I. (2024). The Impact of Employee Commitment, Satisfaction, Recognition and Reward, Organizational Justice, and Employee Engagement in the Manufacturing Industry. Sains Humanika, 16(2), 17–23.
Zeng, C., & Chen, H. (2020). An Exploration of the Relationships between Organizational Dissent, Employee Burnout, and Work-family Balance: A Cross-cultural Comparison between China and Finland. Communication Studies, 71(4), 633–648.
Zeng, C., Permyakova, T. M., Smolianina, E. A., & Morozova, I. S. (2020). Exploring the Relationships between Employee Burnout, Organizational Dissent and Work-family Culture in Russian Organizations. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 49(2), 119–132.
Zhao, P., Xu, X., Peng, Y., & Matthews, R. A. (2020). Justice, support, commitment, and time are intertwined: A social exchange perspective. Journal of Vocational Behavior - Elsevier, 120, 103432.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Zubair Ahmed Pirzada, Dr. Nazar Hussain Phulpoto, Dr. Shoukat Ali Mahar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright: The Authors
